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Book Notes
BOOKS: The European Union, 'the unlovable organization' Print E-mail
Written by Henry Adams   
Saturday, 28 June 2008

The European Union is confronting its latest political crisis, and on Saturday the Financial Times reviewed four recent pro-E.U. books.[1]  --  According to the author of one of them, Stephen Wall, "there is only one known route to hysteria quicker than reading E.U. treaties:  negotiating them in the first place."  --  "Contrary to the overblown claims of some of its supporters, the E.U. is, in truth, largely a boring, technical institution," Thornhill wrote in praising Anand Menon's Europe: The State of the Union (Atlantic Books, 2008).  --  "The E.U.’s foreign policy is 'soft,' its institutions are remote, and its greatest crisis involved the boycotting of committee meetings.  Moreover, the Commission is an inherently weak institution heavily, and increasingly, reliant on its constituent member states."  --  Menon argues that "The [European] Commission is a complement to the nation state, not a challenge to it."  --  "The E.U.’s central achievement, Menon argues, has been the creation of the single market, now considerably bigger than the economy of the U.S."  --  Thornhill, editor of the European edition of the London daily, endorsed Philippe Riès's notion that the E.U. is presently suffering not from too little but from too much democracy:  "From its inception, the European Community was a fundamentally, and necessarily, undemocratic project which elevated long-term strategic interests above short-term populist pressures.  Franco-German reconciliation could only be achieved by ignoring the mutual hatred of its people.  The E.U. was built by visionary leaders, not followers, 'who had their eyes fixed on History’s horizon rather than on the last volatile opinion poll.'  --  Nowadays, he argues, E.U. leaders spend too much time pandering to ignorant voters.  The E.U. is sick from democracy and has suffered a 'lost decade' of integration as a result.  'The construction of a unified, peaceful, and prosperous Europe, the most formidable human adventure of the second half of the 20th century, is today gravely threatened by the triumph of this democracy of opinion, in which particular interests systematically impose themselves on the general interest.'  --  COMMENT:  Thornhill ignores the accelerating levels of inequality and the abdication of sovereign rights to corporations that have fueled populist opposition to the European Constitution and the recent treaty.  --  In 2005, Marko Kyprianou, the E.U. commissioner for health and consumer protection, warned:  "In many countries the gap in incomes between rich and poor has widened.  With growing inequalities in wealth have come growing inequalities in health.  And in turn, inequalities in population health contribute to widening disparities in wealth." ...
Last Updated ( Saturday, 28 June 2008 )
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BOOK REVIEW: Bernard Verkamp's 'The Moral Treatment of Returning Warriors' Print E-mail
Written by Hank Berger   
Saturday, 28 June 2008

Published in 2006, The Moral Treatment of Returning Warriors in Early Medieval and Modern Times describes how medieval practice imposed "penance on those who returned from war" because "[s]oldiers who fought for king and religion nonetheless considered themselves sinners for having done so." ...
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BOOK REVIEW: 'The Gods That Failed' attacks 'blind faith in markets' Print E-mail
Written by Jay Ruskin   
Monday, 09 June 2008

The Financial Times gave a tepid review to a new book by two economics editors that attacks "the version [of post-WWII capitalism] that has developed since the late 1960s, with its emphasis on free trade, free capital movements, and a bloated financial sector."  --  Authors Larry Elliott and Dan Atkinson "see a virtual conspiracy between the New Olympians in Wall Street and the City of London, inter­national organizations such as the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank, the World Trade Organization, and the European Commission, and some free-market economists such as the late Friedrich Hayek and Milton Friedman, who met on Mount Pelerin in Switzerland," Samuel Brittan wrote, but "[t]he managed capitalism of [the late 1960s and early 1970s] did not go away because some senior civil servant read Hayek’s The Road to Serfdom.  It was hit by the collapse of the Bretton Woods system of semi-fixed exchange rates, the double-digit inflation provoked, although not directly caused by, the first oil price explosion, and, in the U.K. at least, by the replacement of postwar trade union leaders by a new, militant generation who chanced their luck as far as it would go." ...
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BOOK REVIEW: Torture -- the lawyers, the lawyers are to blame (FT) Print E-mail
Written by Hank Berger and Madeleine Lee   
Saturday, 31 May 2008

Three books addressing the continuing scandal of America's embrace of torture were reviewed by the Financial Times of London on Friday.  --  They attempt to answer the question:  "How has the world’s leading democracy, a model for the ideal that power and decency reinforce one another, become the place where torture is debated rather than outlawed?"[1]  --  The author of the review, Karen J. Greenberg, is an important participant in the contemporary debate on torture, as Executive Director of the Center on Law and Security as the New York University School of Law and co-editor of The Torture Papers: The Road to Abu Ghraib and editor of the books Al Qaeda Now and The Torture Debate in America.  --  The first of the three books reviewed, Torture Team by Philippe Sands, shows that "what occurred in the White House — and that it did so because lawyers at the highest levels of government enabled it to happen."  --  (Sands is a lawyer himself.)  --  Darius Rejali, a professor at Reed College in Portland, Oregon, in Torture and Democracy argues for "banal professionalism as key to the rise of government-inflicted torture."  --  The third book under review, by a sociology professor at Hunter College in New York, examines French torture in Algeria as a point of comparison and concludes that “Tapping into torture-power is, for the state, a manner of re-sourcing itself, rejuvenating itself by recreating itself, refashioning its existence as the power of instrumental reason.”  --  Ultimately, however, these explanations fail to explain.  --  "The more we know about torture, the less we can understand how a civil society can choose to implement it," Greenberg writes.  --  "Perhaps the only possible response can be to suggest that, all other reasons aside — legal, political, strategic — it is a moral wrong.  It is soul-wounding for those who do it — and, we may surmise, for those in whose name it is done." ...
Last Updated ( Saturday, 31 May 2008 )
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BOOK REVIEW: Sheldon Wolin argues US exemplifies ‘inverted totalitarianism’ Print E-mail
Written by Henry Adams   
Wednesday, 28 May 2008

Reviewing Sheldon Wolin’s new book, Democracy Incorporated: Managed Democracy and the Specter of Inverted Totalitarianism on May 15 for Truthdig, historian Chalmers Johnson called it “the best analysis of why the presidential election of 2008 probably will not do anything to mitigate our fate.”[1]  --  Wolin introduces some new concepts — “managed democracy,” “Superpower,” and “inverted totalitarianism” — to argue that the United States has evolved a new sort of sociopolitical system that he calls “inverted totalitarianism.”  --  Under this political régime, democracy is transformed from “a method of ‘popularizing’ power” to “a brand name for a product marketable at home and marketable abroad,” a system that “professes the opposite of what, in fact, it is.”  --  While corporate power stages “managed democracy” by alternately distracting and boring the populace with pseudopolitical controversies, Superpower (the military-industrial complex) extends the power of a militaristic imperialism around the world.  --  Wolin writes:  “Imperial politics represents the conquest of domestic politics and the latter’s conversion into a crucial element of inverted totalitarianism.  It makes no sense to ask how the democratic citizen could ‘participate’ substantively in imperial politics; hence it is not surprising that the subject of empire is taboo in electoral debates.  No major politician or party has so much as publicly remarked on the existence of an American empire.”  --  Chalmers Johnson comments:  “It has taken a long time, but under George W. Bush’s administration the United States has finally achieved an official ideology of imperial expansion comparable to those of Nazi and Soviet totalitarianisms.” ...
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BOOK REVIEW: ‘An exploration of the tricky subject of political violence' Print E-mail
Written by Henry Adams   
Sunday, 25 May 2008

Reviewing Jeremy Varon’s Bringing the War Home: The Weather Underground, The Red Army Faction, and Revolutionary Violence in the Sixties and Seventies (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2004), “the first comprehensive study to compare post-World War II left-wing violence in the United States and in West Germany,” Christina Gerhardt of the Hamburg Institute for Social Research has occasion to consider “debates about how best to agitate for political change when faced with an administration with radically different priorities.”[1]  --  Varon’s book is, she writes, an “invaluable contribution to scholarship of the 1960s, the Weather Underground, and the R[ed] A[rmy] F[action], . . . a gripping, well-researched march through the tumultuous decades of the 1960s and 1970s, and a thoughtful exploration of the vexing problems of representative democracy and political action.”  --  She describes few insights that would justify such praise, but does cite this interesting observation:  “By assembling bodies in public spaces, [a mass demonstration] seeks to issue a unilaterally declared referendum that affirms or withdraws consent from the actions of government.” ...
Last Updated ( Sunday, 25 May 2008 )
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BOOK REVIEW: Anthology offers 36 essays on the psychology of conflict resolution Print E-mail
Written by Hank Berger   
Friday, 23 May 2008

A 1,088-page anthology published in 2006 offers thirty-six essays bearing on the psychology of conflict resoltuion, but is “somewhat uneven in its delivery and in content,” wrote Michael R. Husizer in an October 2007 review posted on the H-Genocide listserv.[1]  --  The same could be said for his nit-picking review....
Last Updated ( Friday, 23 May 2008 )
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BOOK REVIEW: Historical encyclopedia of anti-Semitism Print E-mail
Written by Henry Adams   
Friday, 23 May 2008

This review of a recently published historical encyclopedia of anti-Semitism calls the work “the first of its kind on this topic and provides a wealth of information and new and surprising facts that would benefit any scholar interested in the topic.”[1]  --  Richard S. Levy, the editor of Antisemitism: A Historical Encyclopedia of Prejudice and Persecution, is professor of Modern German History at the University of Illinois at Chicago....
Last Updated ( Friday, 23 May 2008 )
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INTERVIEW: John Cusack on the intellectual foundations of his new film, 'War, Inc.' Print E-mail
Written by Fran Lucientes   
Tuesday, 20 May 2008

In Joshua Holland's interview with John Cusack on his new film, "War, Inc." (which will open on Fri., May 23), posted Monday on AlterNet, Cusack explains that Naomi Klein and her The Shock Doctrine: The Rise of Disaster Capitalism (Metropolitan Books, 2007) are important influences.  --  "The Shock Doctrine does a great job chronicling what's essentially been a 35-year campaign to destroy the New Deal and privatize everything, and the use of disasters and wars to justify 'shock therapy' — to pass legislation that would never get passed in any country that wasn't reeling from trying to bury their dead or stop from being tortured or killed or trying to get water or food.  --  So I think it's really about the entire system and that entire ideology."[1]  --  Cusack is also critical of the Democrats:  "I think when Pelosi took impeachment off the table it was a disastrous development for the Democratic Party.  I can see how they thought they were going to just ride out the election and take power.  But if they're going to let the administration commit war crimes like this . . . breaking U.S. and international law on this level without any accountability, I don't know what kind of authority the Democratic Party has left."  --  A link to a two-minute trailer of "War, Inc." is posted below.[2] ...
Last Updated ( Tuesday, 20 May 2008 )
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BOOK REVIEW: A.R. Norton's history of Hezbollah eviscerated in critical review Print E-mail
Written by Henry Adams   
Saturday, 10 May 2008

A recent volume on the history of Hezbollah published by the Princeton University Press received a devastatingly critical review last month by Joseph Alagha on the H-Levant list.[1]  --  Augustus Richard Norton's Hezbollah: A Short History omits crucial facts, is riddled with errors of fact, style, and transliteration, and is "off the mark and contradictory" in its conclusions, wrote Joseph Alagha of Lebanese American University in what can only be called a scholarly evisceration.  --  Alagha concluded:  "A prominent scholar like Norton is expected to take more care with his text.  And Princeton University Press clearly failed to exercise due diligence in the editing and peer review processes, thus failing both their author and their readers.  Sadly, one can only assume that the topicality of this study's subject matter prompted a rush to publish, thus causing the imperatives of commerce to trump those of scholarship." ...
Last Updated ( Saturday, 10 May 2008 )
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BOOK REVIEW: Migrant workers as clue to how neoliberalism makes war Print E-mail
Written by Donna Quexada   
Saturday, 10 May 2008

In The Business of War: Workers, Warriors, and Hostages in Occupied Iraq (Ashgate, 2006), James Tyner "sets out to explore the nexus of neoliberalism and war by looking at how this intersection has inscribed itself on the bodies of migrant contract laborers held hostage in Iraq," writes Christopher Parker in a review published on the H-Levant list in February 2008.  --  Tyner says his aim "is to examine the political subjugation of hostages within Occupied Iraq as a means of articulating the de-humanization of neoliberalism and the business of war."  --  Parker comments:  "This is a theme that Tyner appears to have stumbled across while on the heels of the Filipino migrant laborers who were the subject of his previous work. . . . Tyner sees the bodies of these hostages as emblematic of struggles to define the nature of the contemporary global system. . . . [He] calls attention to the contract laborers who have come from the slums of East Asia, the Middle East, and Latin America to work for the private firms providing support services to the U.S. Army and other agencies involved in the reconstruction and government of Iraq.  Tyner shows how this flow of migrant labor has been made possible by new forms of cooperation between state agencies and a transnational private sector empowered by neoliberal reforms.  He also shows that these invisible minions play a crucial role in making the human and financial costs of war acceptable to the U.S. public." ...
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BOOK REVIEW: Essay collection on American activists' concern for Africa in the 20th century Print E-mail
Written by Henry Adams   
Thursday, 08 May 2008

A new volume of essays "makes the story of American concern for Africa accessible to students while providing sources useful to scholars and activists," David Hofstetter wrote last month for the H-SAfrica list.  --  One of the essays in No Easy Victories notes of the American Friends Service Committee that it is "arguably the most indispensable progressive change organization in twentieth-century America."[1]  --  (In the case of South Africa, the AFSC's connections go back to 1932.)  --  "A common thread that runs through No Easy Victories is the emphasis on the role of activist media in the production of political culture," David Hofstetter of Shepherd University.  "The stories of Southern Africa Magazine and Africa News Service provide insight into an era when the now anachronistic tools of the landline telephone, tape recorder, and photocopier were essential to disseminating information often omitted by the mainstream media."  --  One essay in the collection examines "the divide between the Council on African Affairs (CAA) and the American Committee on Africa (ACOA) that first appeared in 1952," and notes that "Publication of this book comes at a moment when a leading contender for the American presidency is the offspring of one of the Kenyan students who studied in the U.S. through the efforts of the African-American Student Foundation directed by ACOA activist Cora Weiss.  Barack Obama’s first foray into political activism, which he recounts in his autobiography, came when he spoke at an antiapartheid demonstration during his undergraduate days." ...
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BOOKS: 'Bad Money' getting good reviews Print E-mail
Written by Mark Jensen   
Wednesday, 07 May 2008

Since 2004, UFPPC has held a weekly book discussion group in Tacoma's Mandolin Café.  --  The group is currently reading Kevin Phillips's Bad Money: Reckless Finance, Failed Politics, and the Global Crisis of American Capitalism (Viking, April 2008) along with Charles Morris's The Trillion Dollar Meltdown (PublicAffairs, March 2008).  --  In five initial reviews of Bad Money Kevin Phillips's latest volume is getting a remarkably respectful and favorable reception.[1] ...
Last Updated ( Wednesday, 07 May 2008 )
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BOOK REVIEW: Chalmers Johnson reviews a new history of the RAND Corporation Print E-mail
Written by Donna Quexada   
Thursday, 01 May 2008

On Tuesday, historian Chalmers Johnson (Blowback; The Sorrows of Empire; Nemesis: The Last Days of the American Republic) reviewed Alex Abella's Soldiers of Reason, a new history of the RAND Corporation, for the web site TomDispatch.com.[1]  --  The RAND Corp. began as a division in the Douglas Aircraft Company and was formally set up just after WWII by what would soon become the U.S. Air Force, and soon became "a key institutional building block of the Cold War American empire," writes Johnson.  --  Its first director was responsible for confining "its product to written reports, avoiding applied or laboratory research, or actual manufacturing."  --  "Most RAND analyses were formal, deductive, and mathematical but rarely based on concrete research into actually functioning societies," observes Johnson, who was a RAND consultant in the 1960s.  "RAND never devoted itself to the ethnographic and linguistic knowledge necessary to do truly empirical research on societies that its administrators and researchers, in any case, thought they already understood."  --  In his view, the flaw of many RAND analyses was an excessive reliance, obviously ideologically conditioned, upon "what the Canadian political scientist C. B. Macpherson called 'possessive individualism.'"  --  The review focuses on Albert Wohlstetter "the leading intellectual figure at RAND," whom Chalmers Johnson knew personally.  --  Alex Abella describes Wohlstetter, later an important influence on U.S. neoconservatives, as "self-assured to the point of arrogance . . . personif[ying] the imperial ethos of the mandarins who made America the center of power and culture in the postwar Western world."  --  Johnson considers Alex Abella's Soldiers of Reason "valiant" and valuable, but too hagiographic and insufficiently critical and penetrating....
Last Updated ( Thursday, 01 May 2008 )
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BOOK REVIEW: 'Cold Steel,' a new book on Lakshmi Mittal's takeover of Arcelor Print E-mail
Written by Jay Ruskin   
Saturday, 19 April 2008

On Saturday, the Financial Times of London reviewed a new book describing the hostile takeover in Europe of Arcelor, "world's most technologically advanced steel group" and a corporation emblematic of post-war European identity, by Lakshmi Mittal, "a swashbuckling steel magnate from India."[1]  --  (Mittal is the richest man in India and, with about $45bn, the fourth richest person in the world.)  --  For authors Tim Bouquet and Byron Ousey, it was a "takeover that defined an era."  --  As reviewer John Thornhill tells the story, "almost everyone gained from Mittal's revised offer, which won the unanimous backing of Arcelor's board," but "the bid also raised nagging questions about how companies are best owned and run.  In particular, the ability of hedge funds to 'borrow' shares and exercise their voting rights is an area ripe for abuse.  Such practices should be included in the regulatory debate that is now beginning as the reckless excesses of financial market capitalism are so painfully unwound." ...
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BOOK EXCERPT: America's 'failed politics' (Kevin Phillips) Print E-mail
Written by Henry Adams   
Thursday, 10 April 2008

When he published American Theocracy: The Perils and Politics of Radical Religion, Oil, and Borrowed Money in the 21st Century (2006), Kevin Phillips said he was completing his "trilogy of indictments" of the Republican Party (the other two volumes were American Dynasty: Aristocracy, Fortune, and the Politics of Deceit in the House of Bush [2004] and Wealth and Democracy: A Political History of the American Rich [2002]), but in his new book, Bad Money: Reckless Finance, Failed Politics, and the Global Crisis of American Capitalism, to be published by Viking on the symbolic date of Apr. 15, 2008, and excerpted on Tuesday on AlterNet,[1] he continues to rail against the benightedness of America's political élite, incapable of mobilizing the nation in a constructive way to confront the country's current crises.  --  Both the Democratic and Republican élites are devoid of creativity in the present impasse, he writes:  "There is little more to be said for U.S. party politics in the early 2000s.  The Republicans were discredited by eight years of failure in war, diplomacy, and fiscal honesty, and the Democrats won no laurel wreaths for effective opposition.  Institutionally, the 180-year-old Democratic Party and the 150-year-old Republican Party have, over the last 40 years, uprooted themselves from what were their constituencies and allegiances as late as the 1960s.  --  Gone on the Democratic side is the southern and western geography of opposition to northeastern financial élites under the aegis of Thomas Jefferson and Andrew Jackson, Franklin D. Roosevelt, and Harry S. Truman.  Instead, there is a new Democratic politics of new national élites — financial, high-tech, and communications.  The Republicans, in turn, have lost many of their old, post-Civil War northern and western constituencies and biases, turning to the South and the interior West and a combination of old-line northern business élites and the Sun Belt power structure so ascendant in the late twentieth century.  For both parties, the bottom line is usually the same:  the bottom line.  Fund-raising.  Money.  Comparative rootlessness makes it easy." ...
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COMMENTARY: 'Not something I learned in university' (Howard Zinn) Print E-mail
Written by Henry Adams   
Thursday, 03 April 2008

On Tuesday, Howard Zinn published A People's History of American Empire in the format of a graphic novel published in the series of volumes published by Metropolitan Books known as The American Empire Project, an undertaking of editor Tom Engelhardt.  --  Zinn has an extremely large following; on the day following its publication, the book already stood at #94 on the Amazon.com web site.  --  Engelhardt's web site TomDispatch.com celebrated the occasion of a new book by the 85-year-old historian by publishing an essay by Zinn about how long it took for him to come to understand that the United States is an empire.[1] ...
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BACKGROUND: The life of Moe Berg, athlete, scholar, and spy (FT) Print E-mail
Written by Henry Adams   
Saturday, 08 March 2008

On Friday the mysterious baseball star, linguist, and, astonishingly, spy Moe Berg (1902-1972) was the subject of an essay in the Financial Times (London).  --  Berg played competent baseball for fifteen seasons, but was best known for being "the brainiest guy in baseball."[1]  --  In World War II, Berg "began spying for the Office of Strategic Services [OSS]. . . . [G]radually he grew obsessed with the German atomic project. . . . In wartime Italy and Switzerland, he interviewed physicists on Germany’s atomic progress.  One Italian physicist, tight-lipped at first, finally spoke after Berg spent three days with him discussing the poet Petrarch.  In Florence, Berg visited a munitions plant dressed as a German officer.  Eventually he pinpointed the exact spot of Germany’s main atomic facility. . . . In December 1944, he lured Werner Heisenberg, leader of Germany’s atomic project, to give a talk in Switzerland.  Berg attended, armed.  The man who couldn’t bear the sight of blood was to shoot Heisenberg if he learnt that Germany was near to producing the bomb."  --  After the war, Berg declined to accept a U.S. Medal of Merit "and even refused to claim his expenses from the OSS." ...
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BACKGROUND: Mississippi Bubble of 1719-1720 was an early version of the subprime crisis (FT) Print E-mail
Written by Henry Adams and Jay Ruskin   
Friday, 07 March 2008

"In 1719-20, a financial whirlwind even more dramatic than anything witnessed today swept through France," author James Macdonald (A Free Nation Deep in Debt: The Financial Roots of Democracy) wrote in Thursday's Financial Times of London.[1]  --  " Shares in the Compagnie des Indes, or the Mississippi Company, rose 1,000 per cent and then fell by 90 per cent in less than two years.  The story illuminates current events."  --  Macdonald identifies six elements that the Mississippi Bubble shares with the contemporary subprime crisis:  Risky debts, a financial wizard, the power of securitization, the role of easy money, boom, and, finally, bust.  --  Like James Macdonald in his article, Forrest McDonald in his review of James Macdonald's volume emphasized the long-term consequences of France's miserable experience:  "In France, John Law's Mississippi Bubble led to a speculative mania and a spectacular collapse that bankrupted thousands and drove the monarchy, once and for all, away from efforts to establish public credit."[2]  --  In his review, Robert Wright of NYU's Stern School of Business noted that Macdonald is "a British investment banker and independent scholar," and emphasized that Macdonald's A Free Nation Deep in Debt has "a Big Thesis: Democracies eventually defeat autocracies because "countries with representative institutions are able to borrow more cheaply than those with autocratic governments."[3] ...
Last Updated ( Friday, 07 March 2008 )
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BOOK EXCERPT: Norman Solomon on hope and optimism in America Print E-mail
Written by Hank Berger   
Tuesday, 04 March 2008

Toward the end of his recent memoir, Made Love, Got War: Close Encounters with America's Warfare State (PoliPointPress, 2007), media critic Norman Solomon meditated on hope and optimism in American culture and politics.[1] ...
Last Updated ( Friday, 07 March 2008 )
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THEATER: Yasmina Reza's 'epic drama from a miniature position' Print E-mail
Written by Fran Lucientes   
Saturday, 23 February 2008

A West End production of God of Carnage, a play by Hungarian-born French playwright Yasmina Reza, 48, was the occasion on Saturday for a profile of the author in London's Financial Times.[1]  --  "The incredible [international] success of Art [1994], a play ostensibly about three male friends arguing the merits of an all-white painting, . . . has made Reza the first French playwright since Jean Anouilh to seduce Anglophone audiences," wrote Tobias Grey.  --  Le Dieu du carnage ('God of Carnage') is abuot "a married couple who invite another couple round to their house for a chat after their sons have had a violent altercation."  ...
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